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Tape hiss

Gazillion Industries ·

Put on an old cassette and before the music starts there's a sound like rain on a far-off roof. For decades engineers built entire systems to get rid of it. Now plugins sell it back by the knob, because a song with a little hiss under it sounds like it has a past.

Tape hiss is broadband noise produced by magnetic tape and its playback electronics, heard as a soft, steady "shhh," most noticeable in quiet passages and more pronounced on slow, narrow formats like cassette. To reduce it, use a noise reduction plugin that learns the noise from a quiet section, then gently tame the top end without over-processing. To add it on purpose, keep a filtered, low-level hiss bed under the music.

The short version

What
steady broadband noise from tape and electronics
Worst on
slow, narrow formats like cassette
Remove
noise reduction trained on a quiet section
Don't
over-process; it turns watery
Add
a low, filtered hiss bed
Cassette static
clean the heads; check the tape

Where tape hiss comes from

Magnetic tape stores sound in countless tiny particles, and their random arrangement produces a random noise on playback. The playback electronics add their own. Because that noise is spread across the whole spectrum, it's heard most in the highs and in the quiet gaps. Formats that pack sound into less tape, slower speeds and narrower tracks, have less signal relative to the noise, which is why a cassette hisses more than a studio reel. Noise reduction systems were invented to fight exactly this.

What it sounds like

A soft, even hiss, like air or distant rain, sitting under the music. It rises and falls with nothing, which is what separates it from the crackle and pops of vinyl (a different medium, with a different kind of noise). In a busy mix you barely notice it; in a fade or a quiet intro it becomes the texture of the recording.

How to get rid of tape hiss

  1. Find a section with only hiss, like the lead-in before the music.
  2. Load a noise reduction plugin and let it learn the noise from that section.
  3. Apply gentle reduction first, a few dB, and increase slowly.
  4. Listen for a watery, swirly sound; back off as soon as you hear it.
  5. Use a gentle high shelf cut if some hiss remains.
  6. Leave a little hiss rather than damage the music.

TRIPLE OG's HISS is a continuous broadband bed, partly decorrelated across the channels. There's a demo on the page.

How to add tape hiss on purpose

Hiss is one of the quickest ways to make a clean digital production feel like a recording with history. Keep it quiet, just audible in the gaps. Filter it so it doesn't compete with cymbals, and make it slightly different in each channel so it feels wide rather than stuck in the middle. It pairs naturally with wow and flutter and the other moves in how to make music sound like a cassette tape.

Questions people ask

How do I get rid of tape hiss?

Use a noise reduction plugin that learns the noise from a quiet section, apply it gently to avoid watery artifacts, and use a subtle high shelf cut for what's left. Removing all of it usually harms the music.

What noise does tape make?

A steady, soft hiss across the whole frequency range, most audible in quiet passages. Worn machines can also add hum, dropouts and speed wobble.

Why is my cassette tape making a static noise?

Common causes are dirty or magnetized playback heads, a worn or damaged tape, or a player out of alignment. Cleaning the heads and trying another tape helps narrow it down.

What TRIPLE OG does

TRIPLE OG is our cassette tape simulation. HISS is a continuous broadband bed, shaped and partly decorrelated across the channels, with no clicks, crackle or dust, because that's a different medium. AGE runs from nought to sixty years and makes the tape darker, noisier and less stable as it climbs. TONE sets the playback brightness, and WOW FLUT, CATCH and BEND handle the transport.

Rain on a far-off roof. Engineers spent decades trying to stop it. It turns out people missed it.

Keep reading

TRIPLE OG — cassette tape simulation for Mac and Windows, with a transport that drags, jams and sprints to catch up. There is a demo on the page.

Hear it — $29

Gazillion Industries LLC · reading material